Analysis of Gestalt Theory Free Essay Example, 1250 words

It is a form of existential or experimental psychotherapy that reiterates on personal responsibility. It focuses on individual current (present) experience, the therapist and client relationship, social and environment aspects of an individual s life. The therapy stresses on awareness and integration. The integration entails the functioning of the body and mind. In addition, it factors changes people make out of situations. The theory of personality vindicates that people exist by differentiating their self-form from other forms and through connecting oneself and others (Philippson, 2012). This is due to the existence of boundaries of self and the environment. In this therapy, the first goal is the client being aware of the current experience. The theory rest on the following four methods: Phenomenological, dialogical relationship, field theory, and experiment. For an instant, in field theory, the client is a participant as the environment contains the therapist, client and what goe s on between the two. The past feelings are not expressed in this kind of therapy. Through the contact, individuals are encouraged to interact with the environment as well as other persons while maintaining individuality. We will write a custom essay sample on Analysis of Gestalt Theory or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page

A Study of Bladerunner Essay - 2089 Words

A Study of Bladerunner In June of 1982, Warner Brothers released the highly anticipated Harrison Ford film Bladerunner. The film was directed by Ridley Scott, who earlier had a hit with Alien. Both films are science fiction films. The characteristics of the science fiction genre are quite broad. The main things science fiction films have in common are things such as the technology being far superior than today e.g. flying cars and bizarre, otherworldly imagery. However, Bladerunner also has elements of a film noir love story and detective films to set it apart from other science fiction films. Unfortunately, the film failed miserably at the box office, contrary to most peoples expectations.†¦show more content†¦Replicants are genetically engineered beings, who are so human that a machine has to be used to differentiate between the two, and are used for labour to build off-world colonies for humans to live on. A group of replicants, of the top of the Nexus 6 range, have arrived on Earth and it is D eckards duty to retire them. Ridley Scott made this film for many reasons. One of the reasons was that, Scott was trying to expose the problems in store for us in the future. The film makes us ask ourselves What if there was something superior to humans? Would we still be in control? Another question posed would be What if there was an international nuclear war? The film also shows the possible problems with pollution such as animal extinction and problems with the relationships between different life forms. The dangers of nuclear warfare and what scientists are doing are also shown. Scene 1 Eye on the city is quite shocking for the viewer. First, the viewer sees a high wide screen shot of a nightmarishly industrialised L.A. The panoramic shot shows us that the world is dark and is heavily industrialised, which indicates that it is set in the future. In the foreground and background we can see massive chimneys belching out flames of waste, clearly polluting the atmosphere. The shot changes to an extreme close shot of an eye, which shows the reflection ofShow MoreRelatedComparative Studies of Bladerunner and Frankenstein1157 Words   |  5 Pagestime. In Mary Shelley’s â€Å"Frankenstein†, she uses the gothic horror genre to explore some of the concerns of her time relating to the use of science and technology and its impact on humanity. Similar concerns are also present in Ridley Scott’s â€Å"Bladerunner†, a futuristic text which combines science fiction and film noir to present a bleak view of a future world overrun by technology and consumerism, but devoid of human emotion. Both these texts offer insights into the human experience namely betweenRead MoreThe s Neo Noir Film Bladerunner And Mary Shelley s Gothic Novel1025 Words   |  5 PagesThe community surrounding a person, or the lack thereof, can often shape and define one’s experience of the world. Ridley Scott’s neo-noir film Bladerunner and Mary Shelley’s gothic novel Frankenstein, both of which are science-fiction works that explore the complexities of genetic engineering and the consequences of the hubris it entails, demonstrate how one’s prolonged solitude, whether voluntary or involuntary, results in a warped vision of the world that causes one to act irrationally throughRead MoreHow Music Has Impacted My Life Essay1524 Words   |  7 PagesOscar and Golden Globe for Best Supporting Actress (â€Å"Jared Leto: Biography†). This success likely contributed to his earning the role of the Joker in the recent Suici de Squad (2016) film. He is currently slated to appear in the upcoming feature, Bladerunner 2049 (2017), alongside (â€Å"Jared Leto: Biography). Behind the camera, Leto directs projects as well, often under the pseudonym, Bartholomew Cubbins (â€Å"Jared Leto: Biography†). He made his directorial debut in the documentary Artifact (2012), discussingRead MoreAnalysis of Bladerunner Essay2605 Words   |  11 Pagesopposition and through analysis of narrative structure. In my assignment I am going to consider how the couple is represented, and how the narrative structure and binary oppositions have influence on the plot of the story. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Bladerunner is a dark, futuristic science fiction movie, which has been described as a hybrid of science fiction, film noir, detective thriller, bounty-hunter western and love story. Thus, it is a complex film, and there are many possibilities to consider asRead MoreRidley Scotts Blade Runner - Ananalysis2682 Words   |  11 Pagesresolution of binary opposition and through analysis of narrative structure. In my assignment I am going to consider how the couple is represented, and how the narrative structure and binary oppositions have influence on the plot of the story. Bladerunner is a dark, futuristic science fiction movie, which has been described as a hybrid of science fiction, film noir, detective thriller, bounty-hunter western and love story. Thus, it is a complex film, and there are many possibilities to considerRead MoreEssay Moral and Ethical Issues, A Comparative Study2300 Words   |  10 Pagesand early twenty -first- century mindset. We see it in films and adverts that dwell on dank futuristic images from a would where the last vestiges of individualism are slowly being expunged and machinery is our enemy. With Zardoz, Logans Run, Bladerunner, Brazil, The Matrix trilogy, AI and Minority Report all big box-office successes it is clear that this genre taps into something deep and dark within the contemporary soul and yet dystopia has always been with us. (Adrian Mourby). There are a number

Allegory Old Age and Younger Generation Free Essays

Hector Meza Eng. 028 Prof. Gray 04/30/2012 An allegory of the story can define the representation of ideas, events, or characters. We will write a custom essay sample on Allegory: Old Age and Younger Generation or any similar topic only for you Order Now Gabriel Garcia Marquez’s, â€Å"A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings†, gives two good examples on symbolic and allegory meanings through the characters and their action. This story is blended with normal humanity, fantasy, and magical realism. The story can bring different meanings to readers depending on your view on life. After an ugly storm went through Pelayo’s town, He found his whole yard ruined with the weathers destruction. An old man with enormous wings had fallen from the sky, and Pelayo discovers him only to use him as an attraction for the whole town to see. Pelayo and his wife, Elisenda use this man to profit off of his unusual looks. After a couple of days, the crowd loose interest of the old man because a new attraction rises to the fame. A woman gets the peoples interest because she has the body of spider and she is also able to communicate with the people. In the end the old man flies away and the â€Å"annoyance† is taken away from Pelayo’s family. The allegory of the story shows how people can be cruel to each other. The old man symbolizes the older generation that are living their last days here in this world and the spider woman represents the younger generation that many people can relate. When Pelayo found the old man lying face down in the mud, he was unsure on what he would do with this man. He thought about getting rid of the old man by killing him, but his neighbor said that he could be an angel. The old man ended up being caged up in a chicken coop for the public to see him as a circus attraction. The whole town tried to communicate with the man, but no one offered to help this old man that was caged like an animal. In today’s world, an elderly man can have the most knowledge and experience in life that many people cannot see. The old man’s wings represent the unique experience they have in life. Many elderly people are placed retirement homes and most of them are only visited by their families. Some are just forgotten and left alone until their time comes. An elderly person is not any less than anyone else. Society judges the elderly in a negative way because of their decline in ealth and communication to the world. It is very rare to have a younger generation take interest in someone who has lived a complete life. The author shows how the public had trouble talking to the old man. For example, Pelayo tried to communicate with the man, which â€Å"he answered in an incomprehensible dialect with a strong sailor’s voice† (294). Some of the elderly pe ople that live with us today have trouble communicating with the general public as they get older. Instead of trying to listen more carefully, many people just give up in communicating with an older person. Since Pelayo got a response from the angel he could not understand he just, â€Å"intelligently concluded that he was a castaway from some foreign ship wrecked storm† (294). Mostly Every person in this world reaches the age when their abilities to do every day chores decreases. The younger generation is getting more and more distracted with the technologies that are becoming more advanced every day. Before when there was no technology, no retirement home, and no nursing home, families took care of their own family members when they had less capability. Today it can be so easy to drop a loved one who has become so old that they don’t want to admit that they have become a burden in their lives. For example, When the old man finally gets his wings and flies away, â€Å"Elisenda let out a sigh of relief for herself and for him†¦because then he was no longer an annoyance in her life† (299). It is rare for someone to bring up this issue, but when we reach that age we wouldn’t want to be treated as if we were the old man in the story. The younger generation can be easy to socialize with since most of us always have our own stories we want to share. After a while a carnival attraction came into town to show their main attraction which was a woman with the body of a spider. The whole town was amused by this new attraction since, â€Å"people were permitted to ask her all manner of questions† (297). The spider Woman ends up taking all of the attention from the old man because of ability to communicate with anyone. Everyone in town also liked how they were able to relate to the spider woman’s misfortune because many got a lesson to not disobey there parent. The woman’s on time mistake got her punished by getting the body of a spider. This girl disobeyed rules, but yet she still got the attention from everyone. Also it’s not as if no one has broken the rules sometime in their life. When the author has both characters side by side, everyone goes to the spider woman because her story is more interesting than the ugly old man who can’t even communicate. Many people can argue that it is hopeless to communicate with someone of old age, but in reality to talk to someone who has seen it all is worth the challenge. How to cite Allegory: Old Age and Younger Generation, Essay examples

Psychology Alzheimers Disease

Question: Discuss about thePsychologyfor Alzheimer's Disease. Answer: Introduction Alzheimer's disease is progressive neurodenerative disease. In this disease individual specifically loses memory, judgment, cognitive function and consequently physical activity. It also leads to aphasia, apraxia, agnosis and disturbance in the preparation, establishing, sequencing and abstracting. Dementia results in the prominent diminishing of social functioning and drops in the prior level of functioning. These changes are predictable and are associated with cognitive and sensorimotor changes. Alzheimer's disease generally begins after the age of 60 and its onset may happen at the age of 40. Psychological development in the children and adolescence affects in different ways like identity, emotions and relation with parents and peers. Patient with the dementia cant express feelings and emotions and these patients feel like loss of self-esteem (Prado-Jeanetal., 2010). Patients with dementia exhibit dysfunction of the motor function and this can be motor retardation or motor hyperac tivity. Sleep pattern changes are very common in elderly patients, however, it is more prevalent and predominant in the patients with dementia. In studies it has been observed that patients with dementia generally sleep in the daytime and awake at the night time (Rongve et al., 2010). There can be change in the eating pattern in the patients with dementia. These patients prefer to eat more sweet, however it has been observed that there is body weight loss in dementia due to increased metabolic rate. These all the factors affects both physical and psychological development of the patient. These physical and psychological symptoms are evident in the patient with dementia at the early stage of the disease (Monastero et al., 2009). Reisberg (1984), stated that Alzheimer's disease dementia can take individual from adolescence to the infancy. Child like behavior of the adult individual occurs mainly due to the occurrence of Alzheimers disease and this condition is very traumatic and mystifying for family members. These children like behaviors include angry burst, fright and continuous demand for attention from others. These adults should be treated like children and it is termed as infantilizing. These patients cant express their feelings verbally due to the cognitive impairment. These patients express it through pacing or screaming and it should be considered as the adaptive development in the patient. Caretaking of such individuals is very frustrating for the family members and caretakers. Caregivers generally associated with agitation, insomnia and impaired daily activities. In studies, it has been established that there is decline on the acquisition of the routine activities like bathing and dressing in the g rowing children. This decline in the function in almost equal to the time of acquisition of these functions in the children (Reisberg, 1985; Nolen, 1988). Cognition and social behavior in the children and elder people with cognitive development problem like dementia, is almost similar. Infant age is unstable and the same is the case with adult individual with developmental dementia. Children are more sensitive and generally they are more observant of the novel and attractive things around them. Patient with the dementia also exhibit the similar type of behavior. Similar like infant and children, dementia patients also test their actions on the surrounding environment. Children perform tasks in organized or unorganized way based on the stage of the development of the children. However, patients with cognitive impairment lost their cognitive skills and these people shift their functioning from the organized to unorganized direction. Generally it has been observed that children are les s egocentric as they progress in their age. However, dementia patients become more egocentric as there is progression of the disease condition. Imitation is the very common phenomenon observed in the children and same has been exhibited by patients with dementia. Language skill and the thought process are completely different in children as compared to the adults. However, in adults with dementia language skill and thought process almost become similar to the children (Matteson et al., 1996). Thus, it is clearly evident that impairment in the psychological development through dementia results in the reversal in the functioning and social behavior of the children. Theory: Even though there is the criticism about the Piagets theory because observations made in this theory were based on own children and way of demonstration of observation, this theory is widely acceptable for understanding the cognitive development and impairment in children. There were studies conducted which exhibited application of Piagets theory for understanding cognitive development at different stages of life (Ginsberg Opper, 1979; LaFrancois, 1982). Piagets theory is useful in the understanding of the acquirement of the thinking ability and individual with dementia exhibits reverse trend as compared to the Piagets theory. Individuals with dementia exhibit more decline in cognitive function with increase in the age. Piaget stated that patients with the dementia pass through the stage like sensorimotor and preoperational stages. Identification of the particular stage of development in the patient with dementia can be helpful in planning specific intervention for these patients. H ence, dementia affects proper development of individual. Piaget states that adolescence individual are more able to think hypothetically as compared to the children and acquiring power of the adolescence individual is highest as compared the any stage of the life. A study conducted on the individuals of the age group 10 14 years found that these teenagers can organize things more efficiently as compared to the less age group people. It reflects an adolescence individual has more cognitive ability than the children. Younger adults perform effectively in the tasks where rate of cognitive function allocation is more. In tasks like vocabulary, reasoning capability and social decision making, older participants perform effectively as compared to the younger participants. Piagets theory was developed different frameworks and tests for the assessment of cognitive and behavior development in the infants, children, and adolescents. However, fewer studies are available for the application of Piagetss theory in adults. Emery Breslau, (1987) conducted study in the adults by using Piagets frame work and tests. Authors applied five tasks for the evaluation of concrete operations and it was observed that there was significant difference between the normal adults and the adults with dementia in performing concrete operations tasks. Thornbury (1993), evaluated Piagets theory in adults with the use of Infant Psychological Development Scale and concrete operational scale. Author did little modification to the framework of the Piaget. This study confirmed the relationship between the cognitive development and Piagets observations. Ordinal Scales of Psychological Development can also be used in the identification of cognitive parameters of the patients with dementia. Current Research: Barca et al., (2016) conducted study to evaluate experience of children in their development whose parents were associated with the young-onset dementia. Data was collected by interviewing 12 female and 2 female children of parents with early onset dementia. These children expresses that there was conflict in the family during their developmental age. It was also observed that there was augmented level of stress in the children who stayed for longer time with dementia parents. These children also expressed requirement of personal centered care for such type of children. There were different tests available for the diagnosis of dementia in the individual. These tests comprise of tests of language, executive function and some measures of global cognition. These were applied in different geographical areas and on the people with different culture. It was evident from the study that these tests could not be applied uniformly in all the cultures. There should be specific dementia diagnost ic tests based on the cultural background of the person (Weissberger et al., 2013). In the research related to the dementia, it is very much required to evaluate the relation between memory impairment and memory function. It has observed in studies there is no direct relation between the memory impairment and memory function. Loss in memory function is also associated with other factors like memory type, depression and distresses about increased age (Pearman, 2014). Planning for the future requires cognitive involvement and this ability of planning changes with the increasing age of the individual. In a study, it has been observed that upto age of 60, there is normal process of planning in an individual. As the cognitive function declines after age 60, there is requirement of more level of search and cognitive function required for the future planning. Hence, it has been proved that dementia is related to the development of planning in an individual (Kstering et al., 2014). Societal Implication: It has been observed that patients residing in the society are with fewer symptoms of dementia as compared to the patients residing in the hospitals (Frisoni et al., 1999). Intervention of the dementia mainly comprises of emotional support and therapeutic intervention. Therapeutic intervention comprises of drug treatment and rehabilitation. Emotional interventions include increasing awareness of the responsible factors for the stress due to dementia, helping individual for the development of adaptive process to cope with the discomfort and giving moral boost for the psychological and emotional well-being of the person. It has been observed that persons identity can be lost due to dementia. This is due to loss of working ability or skills and social isolation of the individual. In such scenario emotional and psychological intervention is proved to be useful. Psychological therapy is useful in the improving emotional stability of the individual (Cheston Bender, 1999). Person centered counseling keeps patient at the center of the process. In this person centered approach there should be good communication between the patient and nurse or physician and patient should be more socially exposed. In recent times person centered approach proved to be useful for the treatment of dementia (Feltham Horton, 2000). Information and education to the patients of dementia is required in the form of information about dementia, treatment options for dementia, getting help from the physician, information about the dementia organizations, legal issues about dementia. Prospective: Correct identification of the clinical symptoms and proper implementation of the intervention is very much required for dementia patients. Because there is no established model for the clinical diagnosis of the dementia patients and moreover, symptoms of dementia overlap with other psychological conditions. Pathogenesis of these symptoms is not well understood and current observations from the research, it has been established that pathogenesis is multifactorial. Specific interventions should be implemented based on the identified mechanisms of causes and symptoms of the diseases. Currently there is implementation of combination of pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment for the patient with dementia. However, there should be advancement in the more non-pharmacological treatment for dementia which would be safer as compared to the pharmacological treatments. In terms of pharmacological treatments drug should be developed which would be more effective, safer and specific to the particular symptom (Cerejeira, et al., 2012). Most of the studies related to the cognitive development studies were conducted in small number of population. If these studies of cognitive development theory would have been conducted in large population, people incorporating diverse cultures, different socioeconomic classes and people from the different geographical areas, there would have been more understanding on the subjects. It would have been helpful in the development of globally accepted cognitive development theories. Future directions of research should be in the direction of conducting studies to get broader outcome. Summary: In this essay , research question discussed is dementia related to development from adolescence to late adulthood. Initially, in this essay terminologies related to the dementia and development in the human being are discussed. It is evident that, in dementia there is memory loss and consequently loss of the physical activity in the individual. This loss in the memory leads to the abnormal characters in the individual which affects physical, psychological and social wellbeing of the individual. These changes are predictable in the individual through observations, however, these changes in the individual are confounding with the other psychological issues. Hence, it would be difficult to make correct diagnosis of dementia. These dementia patients couldnt be able to express their feelings verbally in accurate way, hence they should develop adaptive processes which can be understand by caretakers. Dementia prevents psychological development of the patient and patients overall behavior returns to the level of child behavior. This condition of the patient would be very disturbing for the care taker. Dementia patients all the physical and behavioral activities are very similar to the children like imitation, egocentric behavior, and language skills. Moreover, these patients perform work in more unorganized way as compared to the children. Piagets theory can be effectively applied in the study of developmental phycology in dementia patients. Originally Piagets theory was developed for the developmental analysis of the children and adolescence, however few researchers applied Piagets theory for the evaluation of the psychological assessment of dementia in adults. Few of the researchers utilized different frameworks and tasks in the original form, however few researchers applied these frameworks and tasks with slight modifications. Application of Piagets theory proved helpful in the finding difference between the normal adult individuals and dementia patients. In his theory Piaget also mentioned about the different stages like sensorimotor and preoperational stages. These dementia patients pass through these stages and it would be feasible to implement specific intervention for the specific stage of the dementia disease in particular individual. Trend of acquisition of new skills is completely opposite in Piagets theory and dementia patients. In dementia patients acquisition of new skills decreases with age while according to Piagets theory acquisition of new skills increases with age. In recent times, studies were conducted to evaluate dementia from different perspectives. Study was conducted to understand the experience of children whose parents were with dementia and it was observed that these children were associated with high level of stress due to their parents. Study was also conducted to evaluate effectiveness of diagnostic techniques in dementia. From this it was concluded that, there is the requirement of evaluation of diagnostic techniques in people with different cultures to get global acceptability of the diagnostic technique. Study was also conducted to evaluate relationship between memory impairment and memory function. Form this study, it is evident that along with memory impairment other psychological factors are also responsible for loss of memory function. Study conducted on the evaluation of requirement of cognitive ability in future planning, it is evident that after certain age there is requirement of high level research and cognitive ability for future planning. Social involvement of the dementia patient is very much essential for the improvement in the disease. There is the availability of emotional, psychological and therapeutic interventions for management of dementia. Emotional and psychological interventions are proved to be more effective for the management of the dementia because in these interventions there is incorporation of person centered care. Future directions for research in dementia and psychological development include correct identification of the symptoms, development of specific intervention for the particular symptom, identification of mechanism behind different causes and symptoms of the disease. More preference should be given to the development of non-pharmacological interventions. Most importantly, these cognitive development studies in dementia should be carried with incorporation of large number of participants and with people from diverse culture and geographical areas. References: Barca, M.L, Thorsen, K., Engedal, K., Haugen, P.K, Johannessen A. (2014). Nobody asked me how I felt: experiences of adult children of persons with young-onset dementia. International Psychogeriatric, 26(12), 1935-44. Cerejeira, J., Lagarto, L., Mukaetova-Ladinska, E. B. (2012). Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia. Frontiers in Neurology, 3, 73. PMCID: PMC3345875. Cheston, R., Bender, M. (1999). Understanding dementia: the man with worried eyes. London. Jessica Kingsley. Emery, O.B., Breslau, L. (1987). The acceleration process in Alzheimers disease: Thought dissolution in Alzheimers disease early onset and senile dementia Alzheimers type. The American Journal of Alzheimers Care and Related Disorders Research, 9110, 24-30. Feltham C. and Horton I. (2000). Handbook of Counselling and Psychotherapy. London. Sage. Frisoni, G. B., Rozzini, L., Gozzetti, A., Binetti, G., Zanetti, O., Bianchetti, A., et al., (1999). Behavioral syndromes in Alzheimers disease: description and correlates. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, 10, 130138. Ginsberg, H., Opper, S. (1979). Piagets Theory of Intellectual Development (2nd ed). Englewood Cliffs, NJ. Prentice-Hall. Kostering, L., Stahl, C., Leonhart, R., Weiller, C., Kaller, C. (2014). Development of planning abilities in normal aging: Differential effects of specific cognitive demands. Developmental Psychology, 50(1), 293-303. LaFrancois, G.R. (1982). Psychology for Teaching (4th ed.). Belmont, CA. Wadsworth Publishing. Matteson, M.A., Linton, A.D., Barnes, S. J. (1996). Cognitive Developmental Approach to Dementia. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 28(3), 233-240. Monastero,R., Mangialasche, F., Camarda, C., Ercolani, S., Camarda, R.(2009). Asystematic review of neuropsychiatric symptoms in mild cognitiveimpairment. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, 18, 1130. Nolen, N.R. (1988). Functional skill regression in late-stage dementias. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 42, 666-669. Pearman, A., Hertzog., C., Gerstorf, D. (2014). Little evidence for links between memory complaints and memory performance in very old age: longitudinal analyses from the Berlin Aging Study. Psychology and Aging, 29(4), 828-42. Prado-Jean,A., Couratier,P., Nubukpo,P., Bernard-Bourzeix,L., Thomas,P., et al., (2010). Specificpsy-chologicalandbehavioralsymptoms of depressioninpatientswith dementia. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 25, 10651072. Reisherg, B. (1984). Stages of cognitive decline. American Journal of Nursing, 84, 225-228. Reisberg, B. (1985). Assessment tool for Alzheimers type dementia. Hospital and Community Psychiatry, 6, 593-595. Rongve,A., Boeve,B.F., Aarsland, D. (2010). Frequency and correlates of caregiver-reported sleep disturbances in a sample of persons with early dementia. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 58, 480486. Thornbury, J.M. (1992). Cognitive performance on Piagetian tasks by Alzheimers disease patients. Research in Nursing Health, 15, 11-18. Weissberger, G.H, Salmon, D.P, Bondi, M.W, Gollan, T.H. (2013). Which neuropsychological tests predict progression to Alzheimer's disease in Hispanics? Neuropsychology, 27(3), 343-55.

Genocid in Australia

War is one of the worst things that can happen to human beings. Unfortunately, genocide is even worse, as extermination of people according to their specific belonging to a group or nationality is most inhumane. Not only it is scary and animal-like, it leaves a permanent mark on the people. One of the worst examples of genocide was one towards the Aboriginals of Australia.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Genocid in Australia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Australian continent is a diverse environment with a rich history and prosperous future. The major changes began in the 1850s when development of the country began. Since the earliest days of the late 18th century, it was a British colony which was taken as English land, and not Australian Natives’. Primarily, Australia was thought to be a far off land where indigenous people were abundant and technology non-existent. During the hundred years, from 1800 to 1900, the United Kingdom would establish separate colonies that divided Australia into distinct and unique regions. From the beginning, Australia had a reputation of being a penal colony but mostly, Tasmania and Southern Australia were used for such purposes (Macintyre 2009). There is factual evidence that genocide was the worst pressure Aboriginals have felt in a long time. The systematic extermination of native population with an advantage of technology is no doubt genocide. The fact is that no matter how high and morally correct the invaders’ goals might be, they are still prejudiced by rules and politics that cannot allow understanding. The cruel nature of the act, clearly illustrates the human character of greed and land pursuit. Not only the English killed and injured native people, but the resolution was not achieved to any degree (Hirst 2010). But, according to the British and other countries who had colonies, it is believed that overpowering of natives is not gen ocide. It is simply a part of the natural world, as nations become curious and they explore. By finding people, they want to â€Å"help† them become more civilized by teaching the colonizers’ culture and rules. It seems strange that genocide and civil wars, as well as rebellions against governments, are taking place and the peacekeeping organization is not able to achieve any cessation of violence (Tatz 1999). The rules and policies produced by the international laws state that as long as there is intent to systematically get rid of a group of people and there is the act itself, it is genocide (The crime of â€Å"genocide†Ã‚  Ã‚  defined in international law). Australian Aboriginals were full of fear that a group of foreign invaders will be able to overtake a country that is unarmed (Elder 2008). This is the worst type of war because it is not a fight for ideals or moral justice; it has a very low and disrespectful reason to exist. Most of all, it is sanctioned by governments, as great resources—numbers of soldiers, weapons, supplies and other supporting factors are greatly needed by the invading side.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Australia is one of many examples where genocide took place. But even though it might seem like the matter of the past, there is genocide in the modern days. People have been blind to the history and what lessons it teaches (Moses 2004). The war on certain people because of who they are or what their beliefs might be is the most despicable act of war and act of human violence. The need to possess the land and power can engulf whole nations. But, awareness brings the understanding and the want of people to reach world peace. It is a very respectable cause and a lot has been accomplished, but the amount of countries and people participating in peacekeeping is too small, compared to those who upset the order. Works Cited Elder, Bruce. Australia. Chatswood, Austraia: New Holland Publishers, 2008. Print. Hirst, John. Looking for Australia: Historical Essays. Melbourne, Australia: Black Inc, 2010. Print. Macintyre, Stuart. A Concise History of Australia. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2009. Print. Moses, Dirk. Genocide and Settler Society. Oxford, NY: Berghahn Books, 2004. Tatz, Colin 1999. Genocid in Australia. Camberra. PDF file. Web.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Genocid in Australia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The crime of â€Å"genocide†Ã‚  Ã‚  defined in internation law. n.d. Web. http://www.preventgenocide.org/genocide/officialtext.htm This essay on Genocid in Australia was written and submitted by user Carissa Stanley to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Two theories of motivation Essays

Two theories of motivation Essays Two theories of motivation Essay Two theories of motivation Essay Motivation is an intangible human plus which acts as a driver that pushes worlds to be willing to execute certain actions. In merely about everything we do there is something that moves us to execute the action which involves some motive leting us to execute undertakings or actions which produces some type of personal benefit as a consequence. The general theory would be that, the greater the personal addition in executing the undertaking for the person, the more motivated they are to seek at the undertaking to accomplish the best result. Motivation is normally stimulated by a privation where there is a addition to be had as a consequence of executing a certain undertaking. As Todes, McKinney, Ferguson, Jr. ( 1977 ) p.223 provinces, A individual is a desiring being he ever wants, and he wants more. Therefore if there is nil that an single wants, there would be no demand for them to execute a certain undertaking as there is nil they can derive from it. Over c lip there have been many motivational theories developed to seek and research what motive is and how different degrees of motive can be achieved with different inputs. Two of the most widely recognised motivational theories come from Abraham Maslow ( hierarchy of demands ) and Fredrick Herzberg ( two factor theory ) . Directors in concerns would utilize these theories in an effort to actuate staff to supply them with occupation satisfaction and in return receive better undertaking public presentation. Through extended research Maslow and Herzberg developed their ain theories which are now used in concerns all around the universe. Both differ in how they are applied but in the modern universe they are seen as being wholly true by many although they should be perceived as being an interesting debatable set of observations about what motivates people ( Finchman A ; Rhodes, 2005 ) p.199. This is due to the deficiency of grounds to state that they are wholly true despite using to the overall bulk. Each is really similar in the manner that there are certain demands that must be fulfilled earlier high degrees of motive can be obtained. Abraham Maslow sets out a hierarchy of importance where human demands are arranged in a series of degrees ( Todes et al. 1977 ) . Like Herzberg s two factor theory, the demands in Maslow s hierarchy can be split into two degrees. The first set being the basic demands, incorporate physiological and safety demands. The 2nd set can be seen as the incentives dwelling of societal, esteem and self actualizing demands. In comparing to Herzberg, basic demands would be the equivalent of hygiene demands dwelling of: salary, co-workers, supervising, policies and environment. Herzberg s 2nd set ( incentives ) includes: acknowledgment, publicity, accomplishment, duty and intrinsic occupation facets, all of which are separately rather self-explanatory and reasonably interlinked ( Finchman A ; Rhodes, 2005 ) . As the construction of Maslow s hierarchy suggests, the higher incentives are harder to accomplish than the old and there is an order to which they must be acquired. If the old incentive ha s non been moderately satisfied so there will be no desire to seek and obtain the following. The physiological demands are reflected in the human demand to eat, breathe, remainder, drink and engage in active enterprises ( Todes et al. 1977 ) p.244. These demands can be seen as necessities for endurance doing it logical to be topographic point at the underside of the hierarchy and as the lowest incentive ( Todes et al. 1977 ) . Safety needs come in the signifier of experiencing secure in the occupation that you have which means that there is a demand of: shelter, a strong feeling of occupation security and as Todes et Al. ( 1977 ) provinces, a demand for protection against physical dangers along with the demand to gain a just wage that can fulfill a given criterion of life which is an component in Herzberg s list of hygiene factors. A director would be able to carry through the basic demands by giving suited sum of clip for interruptions in which the physiological demands can be eas y met. Safety would deduce from supervising and policies of the company where they act as a usher, assisting the employee s advancement giving them a feeling of being good supported. The environment that they work in would besides assist with employees experiencing safe every bit long as there is the turning away of physical dangers. Besides there is the struggle of whether or non salary is a incentive. Directors may believe that employees would work harder for a rise whereas others believe it is uneffective. Although necessary, hence it being placed in the hygiene factors and incorporated in the safety needs, it is non a incentive. The ground for this may be that although one receives more money for what they do, they will non needfully work harder holding acquired the rise. This therefore links salary to the incentive, publicity which would be the ground for why there is a sudden addition in an persons income. The incentives, get downing with societal demands, ( Maslow s 3rd demand which could be seen as being at the base of the motivational hierarchy ) can non be achieved unless the basic needs anterior to it are in topographic point and adequately satisfied. Social demands can be seen as the desire for interaction, credence and a sense of belonging with associates and personal familiarities ( Todes et al. 1977. With Herzberg, it can be argued that the societal incentive is split between both the categorical factors beliing Maslow s perceptual experience of it. As the hygiene factors of co-workers and to an extent, supervising, carry through the societal demand for interaction, the incentive acknowledgment would take to run intoing the demand for credence and belonging. Herzberg s incentive of acknowledgment combined with publicity, duty and possibly accomplishment would besides be linked with Maslow s 4th demand, respect. This, a more personal, possibly narcissistic demand, is much harde r for a director to integrate into the on the job environment due to the managerial tendency of cut downing most occupations to their lowest degree of occupation content ( Todes et al. 1977 ) . Bing noticed for good public presentation through congratulations and acknowledgment, which could take to the accomplishment of a publicity where duty is increased, can all be subscribers towards carry throughing regard but neer efficaciously fulfilling it wholly. Even if it does, it will merely be temporarily and possibly non plenty for the peak demand of self-actualisation to get down being met. It hence acts as a changeless incentive to work harder or go on working to run into the higher demands ( Finchman A ; Rhodes 1977 ) . Self-actualization is where an single grows towards a house apprehension of their abilities and utilises these accomplishments at an optimal degree ( McGregor. 1964 ) . This concluding demand nevertheless, is seldom met, hence it being at the top of the hierarchy as the thought of: as you progress up the hierarchy, the extremum of each demand that must be passed is higher than the demand before it. Not merely is this an of import factor, there is besides the demand that the old demands, although less dominant in focal point, must stay active and tolerably satisfied before the following factor can be of any involvement to the person ( Krech, Crutchfield A ; Ballachey cited in Todes et Al. 1977 ) . Due to this and the general fact that self-pride is satisfied in little measures and non on a regular basis, it does non do geting self-actualization an easy undertaking due to the antecedently described theory regulation. Although Herzberg s theory operates likewise, there is non as rigoro us an order to follow as to whether a specific factor must be met before another one can go of any involvement other than working on the footing that all hygiene factors must be adequately satisfied before any incentives can get down to be of any relevancy to the person. In this facet the theoretical account is more indulgent and due to non holding a rigorous order of how they must be met, any factor within their several classs can be acquired in any order doing it easy and ready to be tested. Not merely this but each factor is really much interlinked and regards one another in the manner that when one is achieved, other factors can be acquired in speedy sequence. Directors could so integrate this into the manner that undertakings are delegated so that when an employee completes one undertaking they obtain a certain sum of demand satisfaction. On the following undertaking performed, more demands could be fulfilled and unwittingly, employees would be come oning through the fulfilment of either Maslow or Herzberg s demands where they attain either more self-actualisation or occupation satisfaction. What needs to be kept in head is that although the two are really similar, Maslow s hierarchy can be applied about any state of affairs with the purpose of researching psychological patterned advance. Whereas Herzberg s theory outlines more of what factors must be in topographic point before occupation satisfaction can be achieved associating more specifically to motive and its impact within the work topographic point ( Finchman A ; Rhodes. 2005 ) . The intrinsic occupation facets would be the closest incentive related to personal achievement as this demand involves the employees feeling that through working they are profiting and developing as an person. This therefore means that a director would necessitate to seek and place which of the two theories they think would be most effectual and accomplishable in developing employee motive. Do they desire their employees to get occupation satisfaction through Herzberg s incentives or to be self realizing being more willing to work unders tanding themselves and what they are capable of. A combination of the two could be possible in Maslow s basic demands and Herzberg s hygiene factors but the acquisition of both does non needfully intend that motive or occupation satisfaction would be obtained, it merely means that occupation dissatisfaction would be probably to develop without it ( Finchman A ; Rhodes 2005 ) . Another point to retrieve is that non all persons are the same in what they want hence the theoretical accounts non being universally accurate. A state of affairs where either theoretical account would non be to the full applicable is where 1 is happy with their current place and the undertakings that they perform. As a consequence of the fulfilment of an unwanted demand such as publicity, that peculiar employee may underachieve as they have lost the occupation satisfaction they had prior to the acquisition of that motivational demand. Whereas another who may hold wanted such a demand would be discouraged due to them non having the publicity and as a consequence de-motivated the employee. As mentioned, everyone is different in their degrees of satisfaction and motivational precedences, some of which would be unknown to the person. Even if known they may non cognize what to make to obtain them. From this a director would hold to happen a manner of being able to match the demands of people with appropriate inducements ( Todes et al. 1977 ) p.165. Of class for a director to carry through all these demands they would hold to be able to associate to the motivational demands of the employees beneath them and integrate them into their scheme so that employees would be able to accomplish them through the undertakings they perform. As these motivational demands are met, employees may be more motivated to work and unwittingly develop other motivational demands that are fulfilled through the director s undertaking apparatus. A really of import factor for a director to retrieve harmonizing to Finc hman A ; Rhodes ( 2005 ) p.266, is that the rule of behavior that is rewarded tends to be repeated and that which is punished, avoided. From this, it can be seen that directors have a strong ability and influence on their employees behaviour. Therefore both motivational theories are non entire antonyms of each other but are in fact really similar. Both focal point on the incentives as being subscribers to psychological growing and development ( Finchman A ; Rhodes, 2005 ) . Each has certain demands which must be met before person can come on onto accomplishing motivational demands, such as in Maslow s instance the basic demands and the hygiene needs in Herzberg s both are seen as being needed to be in topographic point before there can be any patterned advance onto the following set of incentives. This besides expresses how both are similarly split into two groups. A large difference would be how Maslow s theory can use to any state of affairs but Herzberg s is more applicable in the workplace and set out in a manner that made it easy to turn out correct, whereas it was more hard with the former despite being taught as true ( Finchman A ; Rhodes, 2005 ) . Directors could efficaciously integrate the motivational techniqu es into developmental schemes by planing a work environment where employees would be able to develop personally as they work, in bend they could unwittingly get motive ( Todes et al. 1977 ) . This manner employees would be more willing to execute their undertakings and develop demands promoting them to work harder, going more motivated to run into these new demands. But possibly the most obvious and of import similarity is that although they are taught as being true, a director would necessitate to maintain in head that they are non. Even though they apply to the bulk, different people have different demands and degrees of satisfaction therefore either theoretical account can non be wholly relied on for a director to seek motivate employees ( McGregor. 1964 ) . Reference List: Finchman. R A ; Rhodes. P, Principles Of Organisational Behaviour, 2005 P.199, P.233 McGregor. D, The Professional Manager, 1964 P.11, P.75 Todes. J.L, Mckinney. J, Ferguson Jr. W, Management A ; Motivation, 1977 P. 165, P. 223-227, P.244

Guarding Efficiency of Emergency Informational Systems to Protect Essay

Guarding Efficiency of Emergency Informational Systems to Protect Citizens - Essay Example With the ever-changing advancements in technology, however, many of its operations, including its 911 operations system, require improvements for efficient communication to adequately accommodate the needs and provide sufficient safety for all citizens. According to former fire Lieutenant Michael Pena, information sharing is an essential component of any rescue operation. Without proper information sharing, a rescue operation could be frustrating (Golden, 2006). Thus, a centralized source of information offers efficient communication, which is critical for the operations of many organizations (ISACA). A centralized source is even more effective when it has the capabilities to quickly relay information to other sources. Of FLPD's three major bureaus, the Support Services Bureau contains The Information Services Division, which handles all communication functions (SafirRosetti, 2006).Within the Information Services Division is the Information Systems Unit (ISU). The ISU is connected to many important systems to support and manage numerous critical functions. For example, the ISU's informational contribution to Florida Crime Information Center Systems adds pertinent information to The National Crime Information Center Systems. The Information Services Division also includes the Public Safety Communications Center, which is responsible for processing incoming calls, dispatching, and teletype (SafirRosetti, 2006). Since 1925, FLPD's communication system has upgraded from one telephone to a center that provides 911 computer and radio communications for approximately 700 police and 300 fire employees (flpd.org). Each year the center handles approximately 500,000 phone calls, which at times require that the dispatcher rely upon information from other informational sources. In response, a dispatcher must evaluate a call before dispatching the appropriate unit. A phone call requiring a police response is entered into the Computer Aided Dispatch System (CAD) before forwarded to the dispatch section. Managed and supported by the ISU, the CAD matches and relays pertinent information. Thus, a dispatcher could consult the ISU via the CAD and warn a responding officer of much need information prior to his or her arrival on a crime scene. Without knowing the priors of a violent criminal from another state, an officer responding to a 911 call would be ill prepared and vulnerable. On the other hand, an aware officer could better assess the criminal and situation and handle them accordingly. Thus, the interconnectivity of systems provides invaluable information and should be preserved and protected. Adequacy in Systems Protection Preservation and protection for vital information is essential. Further, reliability of the information retrieved from the system assures deciding officers and equips them with confidence when making decisions. Faulty information from the system could result in an officer making a grave mistake. In addition, faulty information results in time lost when a department tries to recover from

Term paper Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Term paper - Assignment Example Non verbal communication includes the use of gestures, body languages, the dressing code and even the scent. All these convey very significant information which at times speaks even louder than verbal communication. There is also the written communication which may be in the form of letters, memos, reports, minutes, books, emails, internet and magazines. Another form of communication is the use of visuals such as graphs, maps, logos, charts among others (Alvesson 45-9). The key elements of communication include the message, the sender, the receiver, encoding, decoding, medium of transmission, and the feedback. The message is the information that is being transmitted. For communication to be effective, the message has to be very accurate, clear and correct. The central idea ought to be necessarily communicated very clearly so that the receiver is able to understand and utilize the content of the message. The sender is the person who is transmitting the message. He is the one to determine the medium to use in sending the information. The sender is therefore very important in the process of communication since he is able to determine the success or failure of communication. If the sender uses a wrong channel, the information may not reach the intended audience. Similarly, if he does not embrace the clarity of the ideas that are to be communicated, the information may get distorted and therefore not serve its intended purpose. Communication is very essential at the work place. Without effective communication in an organization, several problems are bound to arise. As such, for any organization to realize its objectives effectively there ought to be effective transmission and communication. Effective and efficient communication is critical for managers in organizations so as to perform the basic functions of management including: leading, planning, organizing, and controlling. Communication

Recruitment selaction process of officers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Recruitment selaction process of officers - Essay Example Most police departments for instance require a certain level of education attainments to qualify for the recruitment process. More than four of every five police departments in the US, demand for a high school diploma, with at least 15 per cent of others requiring a minimum level of college training, and preferably a two year course work, with only about 1% requires that the participants have at least a four year college degree (National Institute of Justice & United States, 2005). Physical traits that include height and weight which have previously been quite crucial trait required for the selection process have been dropped or relaxed in favor of women who would have the urge to join the force. The levels of education it is assumed is essential for the next level of the recruitment process which involves a written examination. The examination is basically set to gauge the some degree of skills necessary for the making of a competent officer. Some of these skills include: map reading, decision making skills, reading abilities, report writing and written communications skills and skills that tests ones intelligence quotient (I.Q). The background of the person to be recruited is also important to shield individuals with questionable characters from gaining access to join the police force; a polygraph may be used to ascertain the truthfulness of the answers provided for most of the questions asked. A physical ability test that gauges the endurance levels of those who wish to join is also important as the police are subjected to intense conditions in the day to day work life. A polygraph may also be required to further ascertain or gauge the level of truthfulness in the answers provided by the respective candidates. A psychological and medical examinations is also important to rule out the possibility of recruiting individuals who are sick and thus unfavorable and enabling the recruitment of individuals with sound minds. Each and every state in

Masculinity In Shakespeare

Masculinity In Shakespeare Masculinity used to be a political question in the times of early modern England. Such expressions as courage-masculine and manly virtue had some peculiar meanings and showed the duty and responsibility to the ideals and values of aggressive Protestantism. Diplomatics, compromise and other ways to settle the conflicts considered to be feminine. William Shakespeare had his own opinion about the militant-Protestant warship of brave masculinity and his view was quite skeptical. Presenting series of various portraits of the menacingly charismatic soldier-hero, Shakespeare made a turn to an unusual kind of leader at the later part of his career of a writer. If the protagonists of the warlike tragedies call up a Herculean model and prototype of manliness, The Tempest draws a portrait of a ruler who uses the arts of culture and civilization in order to return peace to a divided world. The new masculine characters are really developed and not similar to each other in many aspects, but there are strong features which stay common for them. There are several Shakespeares plays receiving close readings, those include Troilus, Cressida, Macbeth, Coriolanus and the plays I am going to investigate in the essay: Henry V, Hamlet and Othello. Masculinity is expressed by various protagonists in the plays. This trait embraces brave and courageous deeds and actions, fearless and undaunted decisions of characters full of fortitude and strength in different situations. Thus, play Hamlet (Shakespeare, Hamlet) reveals courageous character of Hamlet vivid for masculinity traits. The importance lies in the fact that this trait is leading in the decision-making process during the action, the absence of masculinity would change the way characters behaved. The author describes the era when manliness is crucial in peoples lives, it is a kind of a mover. Masculine characters are opposed to less manlike and coward weak features, like Iago in Othello and King Claudius in Hamlet. This contrasting opposition reveals masculinity of other heroes in a brighter way, allowing the audience to realize an overall characteristics of masculinity. Thus it can be supposed that different sides of masculinity (lofty and low-lying traits) not only shows brave characters but also serves as an educative element via influence on the audience with an aim to outline and form an idea of masculinity and its importance in the life. Beyond all doubt, Hamlet is masculine as he is ready to revenge for the murder of his father. But he is also hesitant in some way that appears as his inner conflict within the play. To be, or not to be: that is the question, says Hamlet (Shakespeare, Hamlet, Act 3, scene 1) deciding whether to take vengeance on the King or not, though Hamlet defeats this fear in his mind and without any hesitation revenges for his father. The importance of masculinity in Othello is also crucial, as this trait forces the hero (Othello) to commit murder of his beloved wife. It is an interesting fact that this feature is characteristic not only of men but also of women in the plays. Thus Desdemona even after being wounded by her husband was near death but said that she wouldnt reveal the murder, as much she loved her husband. Thus, masculinity is highly important for unwinding of the action and revealing the protagonists way of lives, characters making the plays impressive, persuasive, and worthy of admiration real classic masterpieces in the world literature. Next I would like to compare and contrast in some way three protagonists of the plays: Henry V, Hamlet and Othello. In spite of the fact that a particular number of scenes also do focus on the other characters, Henry straightforwardly initiates almost all of the important actions in the plot, and he is obviously the works hero and protagonist. Another protagonist is Hamlet who has charmed readers and audiences for many years, and the first thing to say about this character is that Hamlet is very enigmatic. Always there is much more about him than all the other heroes of the play can realize. Even the most caring and intelligent readers finish the text with such a feeling that they havent learnt all there is to identify about this particular character. Hamlet notices to other characters that there is way more than the eye can meet for him. And same as Henri Hamlet is the one to initiate the dramatic actions of the story. While he talks, Hamlet sounds as if there was something really important he wouldnt say, probably something that even he himself is not conscious about. Truly the talent to write s uch monologues and dialogues which can create this effect is one of the writers most significant achievements. And Henry is an exceptional figure too; he also possesses not just a degree of intelligence but almost as much of charisma as Hamlet does. Perhaps Henry Vs most noticeable quality is his resolve and firmness: once that he has made a decision to complete a goal, he would use all the resources that are at his disposal in order to see that it is done. He heedfully presents himself as an insurmountable force to which others need actively to choose in what way to react. This strategy may seem morally doubtful on the one hand, but it is a strong masculine feature and really valuable psychological weapon that is used by Henry to suppress his enemies and make them doing that he needs. More and more, Henry acts in such a manner that would be lamentable for a usual citizen but that makes Henri look as an exemplary royalty. As an example, Henry often receives some criticism from the m odern readers for rejecting to take amenability for the war with France. Henri even says the French governor that if the French soldiers do not surrender, they will be answerable for the slaughter that he will then start. Othello is as firm as Henri, but Hamlet is absolutely different kind of hero. He is very philosophical and meditative. That is a new type of a male character created by Shakespeare. And it seems to me that Hamlet differs from Othello and Henri much more than any other of these three. He is drawn to puzzling matters or questions that are not able to get an answer with particular certainty. Hamlet becomes totally obsessed with the idea to prove his relatives fault before starting acting. He is also disturbed by questions about what happens to people after death, about the sense of suicide, about what bodies become after the soul leaves them, etc. But even in spite of the fact that Hamlet is full of thoughts to the degree of obsession, he still behaves impulsively. Wh en the protagonist acts, he does it with unexpected and sudden speed and very little or simply no forethought (when he kills Polonius through the curtain with his sword without taking a short look who was there. It seems important to me, that Hamlet is very melancholy and dissatisfied with many things in his life, such as state of Denmark and the situation in Hamlets own family. Coming back to Henri V, one more outstanding quality that he has is his freedom with language usage. Henrys rhetorical skill seems a very powerful weapon, the force of which is almost the same as his armys power. With his speech, Henry can inspire his followers, terrorize his opponents, and persuade almost any person who listens to him. With Henrys words, William Shakespeare establishes rhetoric which is, just like Henry, at the same time openly frank and very experienced and sophisticated. Othello is of course also able to captivate others with his conversation. The dukes reply to Othellos speech about how he was seeking marriage with Desdemona by using his tales of adventure is: I think this tale would win my daughter too. Othello occasionally presents himself as an outsider and foreigner, may be because he realizes his exotic attractiveness or because he is defensive about his distinction from other citizens of the city. For instance, in spite of his evident oratory in Act I, scen e iii, he does still protest: Rude am I in my speech, / And little blessed with the soft phrase of peace (Shakespeare , Othello 24). Although Othello never behaves as a rude person and never speaks like that, he still allows his elocution to decrease because he gets more and more under the influence of Iagos intrigues. Before the final part of the play, Othello recovers his presence of mind and then captivates both the characters and audience with his strong speech. And I have already mentioned above that Hamlet is a great speaker too just as other two characters. Henry has another very interesting quality for a king: the capability to seem honestly while manipulating the listeners and partners in the conversation. This feature wasnt respected as others before, as it is a quality of a wise diplomat, not a quality of a warrior though. Shakespeare does not give a direct comment on Henrys reasons for invading France, but we may see easily from the kings speeches the weight of his responsibility, so the reader can make a conclusion, that Henry is not moved by the lust for more power or money. Henry simply takes his position in life as a king really seriously, and he has dedicated himself to the fulfilling of those duties of his noble rank. It is seen clearly from Henrys nationalistic speeches that the author has an intention for the audience to see Henry V as a real national hero, or as a great and estimable king as minimum. So as the king is a hero, he is made such a person by his devotion to his duties that seemed above own private emotions for him. Together with his ability of resolution, the adherence makes Henri the emperor he is; in spite of the fact that it sometimes produces very questionable private settlements, it also helps to mitigate the effect of those decisions in our eyes. The same words may also apply to Othello, as his personal decisions were wrong too he murdered his own wife but really his commitment to his principles was much more important for him than his own feelings. As for Hamlet, it looks to me that personal feelings are much more important for him, he is jealous about his mother, misses his father and some of his actions really bring more danger to the country, so I think that duty was less of importance for him in comparison to the other two male characters. Now Id like to pay more attention to Othello, who himself is an embodiment of generous, courageous military leader, beloved husband in a combination with blind deep trustfulness and naivety in his attitude to his friends. These main features are truly masculine and in some way he even can be referred as an ideal man. But his foolish trust makes him do absurd things, crying, giving oath of revenge. Trustfulness is a comic element as such character is weird for the reader. The fact that Othello may be looked at as a comic character sometimes makes him different from Hamlet and Henri, who always look serious to the audience. It is surprising that such a strong-willed, courageous Othello can trust and believe as sincere as a child. Behaving sometimes as a child may be really called one of very masculine features of character, as playing games always stays in male souls deeply in heart. There is a saying that Man is a child by his nature. Open-heartedness and ingenuousness are rare features that in the play lead to tragic consequences a murder. Othello believes Iago unconditionally and after the fight of Cassio and Rodrigo he clarifies details of a fight from an honest Iago (Shakespeare, Othello 45). Othello is confirmed in positive and good-natured character of Iago thus removes Cassio from the post. Every hero in the play believes Iago this contributes to the comic of the drama both Desdemona and Cassio are touched by an advice of kind Iago who is sincerely express sympathy to the bad luck of others. Tragic events in the play are developing impetuously, but comic foolishness and trustfulness make contrast with tragic elements creating an authentic picture of human life when any dramatic event is not devoid of comic features and irony. Iago makes Othello jealous and he cannot resist suspicion, he is immersed in his misery but still blindly believes only Iago who masterly shows insulted honesty, and as a friendly a dvisor, he convinces Othello in unfaithfulness of Desdemona and Othello gives an oath to revenge on the knees. Iago directs behavior of Othello and even makes him faint, convince that his wife is of a frivolous character. Here I want to say that Henri and Hamlet have nothing comic in their characters and stories of lives, especially Hamlet who is a truly tragic in all the situations. In spite of the fact that Othello is seen as a cultural and national outsider in Venice, his authority as a soldier and leader is notwithstanding very valuable and important to the country, and he is an inalienable part of Venetian society. He is in very needed by the duke and other representatives of the government, as an evidence there is Cassios remark that the senate sent about three several quests (Shakespeare, Othello 123) in order to look for Othello. The Venetian senate has enough of confidence about Othello to give him a position of a full war and political commander of Cyprus. This quality may be considered as a classic masculine one and we can make a parallel with Othello here, but talking about Hamlet we definitely see some difference. Hamlet is more of a philosopher and he needs time to make his own decision either to be or not to be. In my opinion it is prominent that the prince and heir who is aware of Denmarks problems can think about those only in individual and phi losophical terms. He doesnt spend much time thinking about the dangers of national security or the threatening to its steadiness from inside (in spite of the fact that some of those were helped to be created by his own indiscretion). On the other hand Othello owes such strong masculine qualities as generousity, courage of military leader and strong soldier, being a great husband. But trustfulness and naivety are the two qualities which may put Othello aside from Hamlet and Henri V. Masculinity plays an important role in Shakespeares plays Henry V, Othello and Hamlet. Masculinity is highly important for unwinding of the action, characters making the plays impressive, persuasive, and worthy of admiration. There can be seen an educative element via influence on the audience with an aim to form the modern concept of masculinity. I have noticed that all three characterized protagonists own great rhetoric talents, are very developed, have a deep sense of honor and duty. Some of personal traits may differ, such as open-heartedness, ingenuousness, decisiveness, philosophical understanding of the world. That creates a new type of masculine heroes, who are not as flat as some of their predecessors. They are really developed and granted with deep inside worlds by the talent of a great English dramatist.

Piagets Stages of Cognitive Development: The First Stage Essay

The first stage is called the Sensorimotor stage. It occupies the first two years of a child's life, from birth to 2 years old. It is called the Sensorimotor stage because in it children are occupied with sensing things and moving them. From these activities they learn what makes things happen, what the connections are between actions and their consequences. They learn to grasp and hold and what happens when they let go.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This happens later on in the stage. When they are new-born they have no concept of there being anything else apart from themselves in the world. In fact they think that they are the world. Piaget called this Egocentism; he said that children with this attitude were totally Egocentric. This does not mean that they are just plain selfish; it means that they do...